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(No Model.)

P. W. WOHLFBRT. OHIMNEY GAP AND VENTILATOR.

No. 352,597. Patnted N0v.16,1886.-

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERIO W. WOHLFER'I, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CHIMNEY-CAP AND VENTILATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 352,597, dated November 16, 1886.

Application filed April 6, 1886.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERIO W. WoHL- FERT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in Chimney-Caps and Ventilators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class ofdevices designed to utilize winds or air-currents for creating an upward draft in a flue. These devices are divided into two classesrotative and fixed. My invention belongs to the latter class.

The object of my invention is to provide a cheap and simply-constructed cap or device that may be mounted on the top of any ordinary chimney or ventilating-fine, and one that will fully utilize currents of air blowing from every point to accelerate and assist the natural draft of the flue. At the same time the construction of my ventilatoris such that it offers no obstruction to the draft when the weather is calm and fully protects the flue against downcurrents.

My invention will be hereinafter fully described, and its novel features carefully defined in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical axial section of my improved chimney-cap and ventilator, shown as mounted on achimney for the purpose of aiding the natural draft. Fig. 2 is atransversehorizontal section taken in the planeindicated byline 2 2 in Fig. 1. EFig. 3 is a similar section to Fig. 2, taken in the plane indicated by line 3 3 in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detached perspective view of the cross-plate deflector, which will be referred to hereinafter.

On this is mounted- Serial No. 107,989. (No model.)

I drum is open at both ends, and its upper end extends some distance above the top of pipe 0, While its lower end does not extend down to the plate B.

the pipe by ordinary metal ties, in 00.

open end of the drum D, I arrange a conical or pyramidal deflector, E. This deflector I construct, by preference, as shown in Fi s. l and 3that is to say, with ribs 0 0 extent ing down its sides and with a concave curvature, as seen in axial section. The purpose of this construction will be hereinafter explained.

On the top of the drum D is mounted a conical sheet-metal cap, F, in which is a central aperture, (1. This cap projects out beyond the wall of drum D, and its lower edge depends a little way below the upper end of the drum. On the cap F is mounted another cap, G, precisely like cap F, except that it has no aperture in it.

On the top of the pipe 0 is mounted a crossplate deflector, H. (Seen detached in Fig. 4.) This deflector is simply two sheets of metal slit'ted and fitted together, as shown in the figure.

Having described the construction of my improved cap, I will now explain its operation.

\Vhen the wind is blowing from any direction, either obliquely downward, horizontally, or obliquely upward, it willstrike the deflector E and be deflected upward into the open lower end of drum D and pass directly and obliquely upward through the single annularflue e, com prised between drum Dand pipe 0. This flue being unobstructed by partitions and undivided, and the pipe 0 being cylindrical, it follows that, whatever may be the direction from which the wind is blowing, an upward current will be created in all parts of the flue e and all around the pipe 0. This current will create a powerful draft in the pipe 0, in a manner well understood. To obviate any tendency of the upward current from flue e to reverberate at the upper end of pipe 0 or form a vortex which would check the draft in flue b, I provide, 'by preference, the deflectorII at this point. This deflector, being made of thin metal plate and set edgewisein theline of draft,will offer no material impediment to the draft at I usually securethe drum in position around Around the base of the pipe 0, below the any time. The aperture d in the lower cap permits of the free passage of the air and gases to the annular outlet between the caps, and the caps efl'ectually prevent air'currents from entering the top ofthe flue.

The function of the ribs 0 on the lower deflector, E, is to deflect and direct the aircurrents, from whatever direction they may come, upward into the open end of drum D. The concave form of the deflector also aids in producing this result.

I am able to produce good results by making the deflector E with a plane inclined surface, neither concaved nor ribbed, and I do not wish to limit myself to the use of these adjuncts; but I prefer the construction shown. The deflector H is a precautionary device, and I do not consider it absolutely essential.

It is essential to the successful operation of my improved cap and ventilator that the pipe 0 shall be cylindrical, or at least rounded on its outer face, and the annular flue e continuous, in order that the air-currents entering the latter from one side may flow obliquely around the pipe 0 and form an upwardly flowing annular current. In other caps where the air for promoting draft enters at the base, or at a point some distance below the top,- it has been customary to admit four separate currents at as many apertures arranged equidistant around the central or smoke flue. These currents flow through four separate flues. It is obvious that with such a construction, when the wind strikes one side of the cap, an upward current will be produced only in the flue on that side, and when it strikes the cap'at the corner it will produce little or no upward current in any of the flues. I make my annular flue e integral or continuous all around the central flue. I

One vertical partition extending from the bottom of drum D to the top of pipe 0, and crossing flue 6, might be employed, perhaps. without serious detriment, as this would not divide the flue in any proper sense.

I am aware of the patent of Aaron B. Brown, No. 194,764, of September 4, 1877, and I make no claim to any of the features of construction shown in that patent.

' Having thus described my invention, I claim A chimney-cap and ventilator comprising, as its essential elements, a substantially cylindrical pipe, 0, forming the smoke or foulair flue, a deflector, E, of substantially .the character described, arranged around the base of said pipe, a drum, D, arranged around said pipe B and extending above it, which forms an annular flue, 6, said drum being open at both top and bottom, and a conical cap or caps over the upper end of the drum.

2. The combination, with the base-plate B, the substantially cylindrical pipe 0, and the deflector E, all arranged substantially as set forth, of. the drum D, arranged to surround the pipe 0 and to form a single annular flue, c, said drum extending from about the top of the deflector E to a point above the top of pipe 0, and open at both ends, the conical cap F, with a central aperture, d, and the cap G, said caps being mounted over the top of drum D.

3. The combination, with the pipe 0 and. drum D, arranged as set forth, of the deflector A E, arranged to surround the base of pipe 0 below the open lower end of the drum, and provided with ribs 0 0, extending down its sides.

4. The combination, with the pipe 0 and drum D, arranged as set forth, of the conical or pyramidal deflector E, provided with concave inclined surfaces, as shown, and ribs 0 c, said deflector being arranged to surround or embrace the base of pipe 0.

5. The combination of the pipe 0, of sub stantially cylindrical form, the deflector E at its base, the drum D, arranged as shown, to form a single annular flue, e, around the pipe 0, and open above and below, and the deflect or H, ofsubstantially the form shown, mounted on the top of pipe C.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FREDERIC W. WOH LFERT.

\Vi tn esses:

HENRY CoNNETT, ARTHUR O. FRASER. 

